Arthur Hugh Clough Poems

Arthur Hugh Clough
Arthur Hugh Clough (January 1, 1819 – November 13, 1861) was an English poet, and the brother of Anne Jemima Clough. Arthur Clough was born in Liverpool to James Butler Clough, a cotton merchant of Welsh descent, and Anne Perfect, originally from Yorkshire. In 1822 the family moved to the United States, and Clough's childhood was spent mainly in Charleston, South Carolina, under the influence of his educated. In 1828 Clough and his older brother Charles returned to England to attend school in Chester. In 1829 Clough began attending Rugby School, then under Thomas Arnold, whose strenuous views on life and education he accepted. Cut off to a large degree from his family, he passed a somewhat solitary boyhood, devoted to the school and to early literary efforts in the Rugby Magazine. In 1836 his parents returned to Liverpool, and in 1837 he went with a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford. Here his contemporaries included Benjamin Jowett, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, John Campbell Shairp, William George Ward and Frederick Temple. Matthew Arnold, four years his junior, arrived the term after Clough had graduated. Clough and Arnold enjoyed an intense friendship in Oxford, but their reactions to each other's poetry were ambivalent. Oxford, in 1837, was in the full swirl of the High Church movement led by John Henry Newman. Clough was for a time an enthusiast of this movement, though eventually grew away from it. He graduated from Oxford with a second-class degree and obtained a fellowship with a tutorship at Oriel College. Gradually, he became critical of the religious and social order that he was expected to uphold, and in 1848 he resigned his teaching position and traveled to Paris, where he witnessed the revolution of 1848. Returning to England in a state of euphoria, he wrote his long poem The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich, a farewell to the academic life, following it up with poems from his time as student and tutor, in the shared publication Ambarvalia. In 1849 he witnessed another revolution, the siege of the Roman Republic, which inspired another long poem, Amours de Voyage. Easter Day, written in Naples was a passionate denial of the Resurrection and the fore-runner of the unfinished poem Dipsychus. In the autumn of 1849 Clough became responsible for his mother and sister (following the death of his father and younger brother and the marriage of his elder brother) and, to provide for them, became principal of University Hall, a hostel for students at University College, London. He soon found that he disliked London, in spite of the friendship of Thomas Carlyle and his wife. Averse to dogmatism, he finally rejected Anglicanism. A prospect of a post in Sydney led him to engage himself to Miss Blanche Mary Shore Smith, but when that failed to materialize, he traveled in 1852 to Cambridge, Massachusetts, encouraged by Ralph Waldo Emerson. There he remained several months, lecturing and translating Plutarch for the booksellers, until in 1853 the offer of an examinership in the Education Office brought him to London once more. He married, and pursued a steady official career, diversified only by an appointment in 1856 as secretary to a commission sent to study foreign military education. He devoted enormous energy to work as an unpaid secretarial assistant to his wife's cousin Florence Nightingale. He wrote virtually no poetry for six years. In 1860 his health began to fail. He visited first Great Malvern and Freshwater, Isle of Wight. From April 1861 he traveled strenuously in Greece, Turkey and France, where he met up with the Tennyson family. Despite his fragile health, this continental tour renewed a state of euphoria like that of 1848-9, and he quickly wrote the elements of his last long poem, Mari Magno. His wife joined him on a voyage from Switzerland to Italy, where his health finally collapsed. He died in Florence on 13th November. He is buried in a tomb in the English Cemetery that his wife and sister had Susan Horner design from Jean-François Champollion's book on Egyptian hieroglyphs. Matthew Arnold wrote the elegy of Thyrsis to his memory.


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Poems

Poems Collection - poems, 2021 edition